Export subsidies and countervailing tariffs

Tax Distortion, Countervailing Subsidies and Income Redistribution

A persistent controversy in the economics of higher education is the distributional consequences of tuition-fee subsidies. There are two points at issue. First, subsidies affect income distribution between rich and poor households, analyzed by cross-sectional studies. Second, there may also be long-run effects on income distribution, i.e., toward graduates who benefited from public higher educa...

The Economics of WTO Rules on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures

Tariffs versus Production Subsidies as Industry Protection

This paper provides a welfare comparison of a tariff with a combination of a production subsidy to, and a commodity tax on, an import-competing commodity in a two-country economy. We treat some plausible situations of industry protection, including where the initial tariff is above the optimal tariff, where a certain output level of a tariff-imposed commodity must be maintained, and where there...

Subsidies, Tariffs and Investments in the Solar Power Market

Over the last 10 years, the solar photovoltaic (PV) market has experienced tremendous growth due in part to government incentive programs. This paper estimates a dynamic model to understand the impact of these programs on residential solar installations and evaluates the impact of alternative incentive policies. The model separately evaluates the effect of up-front subsidies, tax credits and pr...

Optimal feed-in tariffs and subsidies for residential photovoltaic systems

A feed-in tariff system and a subsidy are often used to make households install photovoltaic (PV) systems for solar power generation. They both influence the economics of a household in deciding whether to install or not. The purpose of this study is to obtain information on how a PV-power price and a subsidy should be set to promote adoption of PV systems effectively and efficiently. The model...